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Understanding BMI for Elderly Individuals

Body Mass Index (BMI) is one way to measure health in older adults. If we think of health like a puzzle, BMI is just one piece of a very large puzzle. While it does not fully determine whether an individual is healthy or not, it does help in determining long-term health outcomes.

BMI is a calculation of the ratio of height to weight, this gives a number that is compared to a reference range. Research (1) shows that a higher BMI in older adults is associated with reduced risk of falls, fractures, and better health.

BMI does have limitations that make it not appropriate to use as a sole indicator of health. So let’s take a look at when it’s useful, and how to properly use it!

Understanding BMI and its Role in Elderly Health

Calculating the BMI is actually relatively simple.

BMI = kg/m²

Kg = Kilograms Body Weight

M² = Height in Metres Squared

A practical example would be a man who is 6 feet tall, this equals 1.83 meters, or 3.35 meters squared. This man also weighs 85 kilograms. So if we plug that into the formula we get:

BMI = 85/3.35

BMI = 25.4

BMI Categories for Elderly

Normal BMI ranges for the younger population is not what we use to determine a healthy weight for older adults. The ranges are actually a few points higher!

These recommendations are based on research (2) that shows us that older adults who have a BMI < 23.0 are at serious risk of malnutrition. Malnutrition is a result of not eating and drinking enough to meet their daily needs.

We see lower rates of early death (2) when an older adult is in the BMI range of 23.0-29.9. The extra weight on them helps to reduce the risk of fractures from falls, protects bones, and decreases the risk of malnutrition.

The extra weight can also help reduce muscle and fat loss, and help maintain their independence as they age! We don’t want older adults to have a BMI >30.0 because it can decrease mobility and lead to a loss of independence.

Once you have entered your height and weight, the geriatric BMI calculator will generate your BMI score. It is important to understand the different BMI categories for seniors to interpret your results accurately. Here are the categories:

Underweight: A BMI below 18.5 indicates that an individual is underweight. This may suggest a potential health concern, as being underweight can lead to issues such as muscle loss, weakened immune system, and increased risk of fractures.

Normal weight: A BMI between 18.5 and 24.9 is considered within the normal weight range. This suggests that an individual has a healthy weight for their age and height.

Overweight: A BMI between 25 and 29.9 indicates that an individual is overweight. Being overweight can increase the risk of developing health problems such as heart disease, high blood pressure, and type 2 diabetes.

Obese: A BMI of 30 or higher suggests that an individual is obese. Obesity is associated with a higher risk of various health conditions, including cardiovascular disease, stroke, and certain types of cancer.

It is important to note that while the geriatric BMI calculator can provide a general indication of weight status for seniors, it may not be entirely accurate for all individuals. Factors such as muscle mass and overall health can impact BMI results in older adults. Therefore, it is always recommended to consult with a healthcare professional for a more comprehensive evaluation of your health and weight status.

The geriatric BMI calculator serves as a useful tool for older adults to monitor their weight and assess their overall health. By understanding and utilizing the BMI categories for seniors, individuals can make informed decisions regarding their lifestyle and take appropriate measures to maintain a healthy weight.

Interpreting BMI in the Context of the Elderly

If you have a loved one who falls outside of these BMI ranges but has maintained good muscle mass stores, you shouldn’t worry too much.

It’s important for older adults to consider other factors that make up health such as:

• Ability to dress themselves
• Cook and eat independently
• Maintain a good appetite
• Continues to have some exercise daily
• Regular Doctor checkups

Health is a result of an overall lifestyle, not just BMI, so we need to make sure that we don’t just focus on that one piece of the puzzle.

Health Risks Associated with Each BMI Category for the Elderly

Being underweight in older adults is associated (3) with malnutrition, increased risk of falls and fractures, weight loss, and early mortality. These are some serious health risks!

While being in the normal weight category has been shown to have the lowest risk of all causes of death.

Overweight older adults, especially those that have higher weight around their midsection are at risk of developing Diabetes, High Blood Pressure, Heart Attacks, and Strokes.

If you have a loved one who is obese then it may be time to consider seeing a Registered Dietitian for a healthy weight loss plan. Those who are obese may lose their independence as they age putting them at high risk of pressure injuries, and early death.

Healthy Weight Management for Elderly Individuals

The goal of older adults should be to maintain a normal weight to have the best chance of good long-term health. Weight loss is not a priority in older adults, as more often weight loss results in muscle mass loss.

A focus on a well-balanced diet that is rich in lean proteins, whole grain carbohydrates, healthy fats, and fiber can help to maintain a healthy body weight. Eating plenty of fruits and vegetables can help keep the digestive system moving and reduce constipation, which is a common complaint among older adults.

There are many age-appropriate ways to exercise in our older years. Joining a local fitness class, walking daily, and doing daily stretches and contribute to maintaining that essential muscle. A Physiotherapist can help to develop a safe exercise plan for you, and help you find resources in your community as well!

Regular visits with your Doctor can help to prevent health issues before they happen. A Registered Dietitian can also help you ensure you’re eating a diet that keeps you in that normal weight range while preventing muscle mass loss. Ask your Doctor for a referral to a Dietitian that specializes in older adult nutrition.

Conclusion

BMI is a great tool for overall health and staying in the normal BMI range for older adults of 23.0-29.9 is a good goal. But remember that BMI has limitations, and it is not the only metric for good health.

It’s important to lead an overall healthy lifestyle, such as regular exercise, eating balanced meals, and regular Doctor visits to maintain your good health.

You can still lead a wonderful healthy lifestyle regardless of your BMI, so don’t stress about your number. Achieving a healthy BMI can be a goal, and your healthcare professionals can help you get there!

References

• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8984168/
• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32319198/#:~:text=Among%20studies%20examining%20BMI%20change,normal%20BMI%2C%20in%20older%20adults
• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24452240/